Data Structures
• HashMaps / Dictionaries: insertion, deletion, lookup, counting frequencies.
• Arrays & Strings: sliding window, two pointers, prefix sums.
• Linked Lists, Trees, Graphs basics if asked.
b. Algorithms
• Sorting and searching.
• Hash-based problems (two-sum, subarrays with sum k, etc.).
• Recursion and backtracking for small problems.
c. SQL & Database
• Complex joins, aggregations, subqueries.
• Optimizing queries.
• Data transformation (ETL) logic.